1. Working Principles & Key Technologies

🔹 Reverse Osmosis (RO)

The most widely used method. Under high pressure exceeding the osmotic pressure of seawater, water molecules pass through a semi-permeable RO membrane, while salts and impurities are retained.

• Advantages: Low energy consumption, compact equipment layout, suitable for both large-scale and medium-small installations.

🔹 Distillation Methods

Based on differences in boiling points. Heated seawater evaporates, then the vapor condenses into freshwater.

• Multi-Stage Flash (MSF): Seawater flashes into steam under progressively lower pressure stages.

• Multi-Effect Distillation (MED): Uses steam from one evaporator as the heat source for the next, improving energy efficiency.

• Vapor Compression (VC): Recompresses secondary steam to raise its temperature, then reuses it as a heat source.

• Advantages: Produces high-quality freshwater; ideal where waste heat is available.

🔹 Electrodialysis (ED)

Uses selective ion exchange membranes under DC current.

• Cations move toward the cathode, anions toward the anode, creating streams of low- and high-salinity water.

• Best suited for: Brackish water with lower salinity; simple operation.

2. System Components

• Pretreatment System
  Sand filters, activated carbon filters, and precision filters remove suspended solids, colloids, chlorine, and organics to protect the core desalination units.

• Core Desalination Unit
  RO membrane modules, distillation towers, or electrodialysis units—these are the heart of the system, depending on the selected process.

• Post-Treatment System
  Includes UV sterilizers, chlorination units, and pH adjustment systems to ensure the produced freshwater meets specific quality standards.

• Control System
  Automatically monitors and regulates pressure, flow, temperature, and water quality; enables real-time alerts and remote operation.

3. Key Functions

• 💧 Freshwater Supply
  Effectively solves freshwater shortages in coastal, island, or arid regions.

• ⚙️ Industrial Water Support
  Provides quality water for coastal chemical plants, power stations, metallurgy, and more.

• ⚓ Marine Operations
  Supplies essential freshwater for offshore platforms, naval vessels, and other marine environments.

4. Application Scenarios

• 🏙️ Residential Use
  Supplies drinking and domestic water to residents in coastal cities and islands.

• 🏭 Industrial Use
  Applied in petroleum refining, power generation, and food processing where high-purity water is essential.

• 🪖 Military Use
  Ensures stable freshwater supply for naval fleets, coastal bases, and marine defense operations.

5. Maintenance Guidelines

• 🧽 Filter Replacement
  Regularly clean and replace pretreatment filters to prevent fouling of the core system.

• 🔍 System Monitoring
  Track membrane pressure, flow rate, and salt rejection rate to detect abnormalities early.

• 🧪 Post-Treatment Checkups
  Inspect and maintain UV sterilizers, chlorine systems, and pH regulators to guarantee water safety.

• 🛡️ Anti-Corrosion Measures
  Since seawater is highly corrosive, routinely inspect anti-corrosion coatings and metal parts, and apply protective treatments as needed.